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docs: Environment variables (#1845)

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This page lists all the environment variables that can be used to configure the container.
An empty default means the variable is unset and its value is determined automatically when applicable.
## 🪟 Windows
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `VERSION` | `11` | Windows version to install, for example `10` or `11`. |
| `EDITION` | | Windows edition to install, for example `core` for Windows Server Core. |
| `LANGUAGE` | `en-US` | Windows display language, for example `en`, `fr`, `nl`, etc. |
| `REGION` | `en-US` | Windows regional format, for example `en-US`. |
| `KEYBOARD` | `en-US` | Keyboard layout used during installation, for example `en-US`. |
| `USERNAME` | `Dockur` | Username for the Windows account. |
| `VERSION` | `11` | Windows version to install, such as `10` or `11`. |
| `EDITION` | | Windows edition to install, such as `core` for Windows Server Core. |
| `LANGUAGE` | `en-US` | Windows display language, such as `English`, `en-US`, or `en`. |
| `REGION` | | Windows regional format. Uses `LANGUAGE` when unset. |
| `KEYBOARD` | | Keyboard layout. Uses `LANGUAGE` when unset. |
| `USERNAME` | `Docker` | Name of the Windows user account. |
| `PASSWORD` | `admin` | Password for the Windows account. |
| `KEY` | | Windows product key used during installation. |
| `KEY` | | Windows product key used to install and activate Windows. |
| `MANUAL` | `N` | Enables manual installation instead of unattended installation. |
| `VERIFY` | `N` | Verifies checksums of downloaded images. |
| `REMOVE` | `Y` | Removes the Windows ISO after installation. Set to `N` to keep it. |
| `VERIFY` | `N` | Verifies downloaded images against a predefined list of checksums. |
| `REMOVE` | `Y` | Deletes the downloaded Windows ISO after installation to save space. |
## 🧠 CPU and Memory
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `CPU_CORES` | `2` | Number of CPU cores assigned to the VM. Can also be set to `max` or `half`. |
| `CPU_MODEL` | `host` | QEMU CPU model to use. |
| `CPU_CORES` | `2` | Number of virtual CPU cores, such as `4`, `half`, or `max`. |
| `CPU_MODEL` | `host` | QEMU CPU model. |
| `CPU_FLAGS` | | Additional QEMU CPU flags. |
| `KVM` | `Y` | Enables KVM hardware acceleration. Set to `N` to disable. |
| `VMX` | `N` | Exposes Intel VMX virtualization extensions to Windows. |
| `HV` | `Y` | Enables Hyper-V enlightenments for Windows. |
| `RAM_SIZE` | `4G` | Amount of RAM assigned to the VM, for example `4G`, `8G`, `max`, or `half`. |
| `KVM` | `Y` | Enables KVM hardware acceleration. |
| `VMX` | `N` | Exposes Intel VMX virtualization extensions to the guest. |
| `HV` | `Y` | Enables Hyper-V enlightenments for Windows guests. |
| `RAM_SIZE` | `4G` | Amount of RAM assigned to the VM, such as `8G`, `half`, or `max`. |
| `RAM_CHECK` | `Y` | Checks whether enough host memory is available before starting the VM. |
## ⚙️ System
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `MACHINE` | `q35` | QEMU machine type. |
| `UUID` | | QEMU VM UUID. |
| `HPET` | `off` | Enables or disables the QEMU HPET timer. |
| `VMPORT` | `off` | Enables or disables the QEMU VMware port. |
| `SM_BIOS` | | Additional SMBIOS arguments passed to QEMU. |
| `ARGUMENTS` | | Additional raw QEMU arguments appended to the generated command line. |
## 🚀 Boot
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `BOOT_MODE` | `windows` | Boot mode, for example `windows`, `windows_secure`, or `windows_legacy`. |
| `BOOT_INDEX` | `9` | Boot priority index for the installation media. |
| `BIOS` | | Custom BIOS/firmware file. Setting this enables custom boot mode. |
| `TPM` | `N` | Enables TPM support. |
| `SMM` | `N` | Enables SMM/secure-machine support. |
| `LOGO` | `Y` | Enables the custom boot logo. |
| `CLEAR` | `N` | Clears the firmware/NVRAM variables on the next boot. |
| `USB` | `qemu-xhci,id=xhci,p2=7,p3=7` | QEMU USB controller setting. Set to a `no*` value to disable. |
## 💾 Storage
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `DISK_SIZE` | `64G` | Size of the main data disk. |
| `DISK_FMT` | `raw` | Disk image format, usually `raw` or `qcow2`. |
| `DISK_TYPE` | `scsi` | Disk controller/device type, such as `sata`, `scsi`, `nvme`, or `blk`. |
| `DISK_CACHE` | `none` | QEMU disk cache mode, for example `none` or `writeback`. |
| `DISK_IO` | `native` | QEMU disk I/O mode, for example `native`, `threads`, or `io_uring`. |
| `DISK_DISCARD` | `unmap` | Enables TRIM/unmap support for the data disk. |
| `DISK_ROTATION` | `1` | Rotation rate reported to the guest. Use `1` for SSD-like storage. |
| `DISK_FLAGS` | | Additional options used when creating qcow2 disks. |
| `ALLOCATE` | `N` | Preallocates disk space when creating the data disk. |
| `STORAGE` | `/storage` | Storage directory used for disks, firmware variables, and generated files. |
| `DISK_SIZE` | `64G` | Size of the primary VM disk. |
| `DISK_FMT` | `raw` | Disk image format: `raw` or `qcow2`. |
| `DISK_TYPE` | `scsi` | Disk device type, such as `sata`, `scsi`, `nvme`, or `blk`. |
| `DISK_CACHE` | `none` | Disk cache mode, such as `none` or `writeback`. |
| `DISK_IO` | `native` | Disk I/O mode, such as `native`, `threads`, or `io_uring`. |
| `DISK_DISCARD` | `unmap` | Discard/TRIM mode for the primary disk. |
| `DISK_ROTATION` | `1` | Rotation rate reported to the guest. Use `1` to identify the disk as an SSD. |
| `DISK_FLAGS` | | Additional options used when creating `qcow2` disks. |
| `ALLOCATE` | `N` | Preallocates space for the primary disk. |
| `STORAGE` | `/storage` | Storage directory used for disks, firmware variables, and downloads. |
## 🌐 Networking
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `NETWORK` | `Y` | Network mode. Common values are `Y` for NAT, `passt`, `slirp`, or `N` to disable networking. |
| `DHCP` | `N` | Enables DHCP/macvtap mode so the VM receives an address from the external LAN. |
| `IP` | | Guest IP address override. |
| `NETWORK` | | Network mode, such as `nat`, `passt`, `slirp`, or `N` to disable networking. |
| `DHCP` | `N` | Enables macvtap networking so the VM receives an address from the external LAN through DHCP. |
| `HOST` | `Windows` | Hostname assigned to the guest. |
| `IP` | | Overrides the automatically selected guest IPv4 address. |
| `MAC` | | Guest network adapter MAC address. |
| `HOST` | `Windows` | Hostname assigned to the VM. |
| `DEV` | `eth0` | Host/container network interface to use. |
| `MTU` | | Network MTU to use for the guest interface. |
| `MASK` | `255.255.255.0` | IPv4 netmask. |
| `TAP` | `qemu` | TAP/macvtap interface name. |
| `BRIDGE` | `docker` | Bridge name used for NAT networking. |
| `ADAPTER` | `virtio-net-pci` | QEMU network adapter model. |
| `HOST_PORTS` | | Ports reserved for services running on the host/container side. |
| `DEV` | `eth0` | Container network interface used as the uplink. |
| `MTU` | | MTU assigned to the guest network interface. |
| `MASK` | `255.255.255.0` | IPv4 netmask. |
| `TAP` | `qemu` | TAP or macvtap interface name. |
| `BRIDGE` | `docker` | Bridge name used for NAT networking. |
| `HOST_PORTS` | | Ports excluded from guest forwarding. |
| `USER_PORTS` | | Additional ports to forward to the VM when using user-mode networking. |
| `DNSMASQ_OPTS` | | Additional dnsmasq options. |
| `DNSMASQ_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables dnsmasq log tailing. |
| `DNSMASQ_OPTS` | | Additional options passed to dnsmasq. |
| `DNSMASQ_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables dnsmasq debug output. |
| `DNSMASQ_DISABLE` | `N` | Disables the internal dnsmasq resolver. |
| `PASST_OPTS` | | Additional passt options. |
| `PASST_OPTS` | | Additional options passed to passt. |
| `PASST_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables passt debug output. |
## 📁 File Sharing
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `SAMBA` | `Y` | Enables or disables the Samba shared folder. |
| `SAMBA_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables Samba debug output. |
## 🖥️ Display
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `WIDTH` | `1920` | Display width configured for Windows. |
| `HEIGHT` | `1080` | Display height configured for Windows. |
| `DISPLAY` | `web` | Display backend. Common values are `web`, `vnc`, `disabled`, or `none`. |
| `DISPLAY` | `web` | Display backend, such as `web`, `vnc`, `disabled`, or `none`. |
| `VGA` | `virtio` | QEMU video adapter model. |
| `GPU` | `N` | Enables Intel iGPU acceleration. Experimental. |
| `WIDTH` | `1920` | Display width configured in Windows. |
| `HEIGHT` | `1080` | Display height configured in Windows. |
| `GPU` | `N` | Enables experimental Intel iGPU acceleration. |
| `RENDERNODE` | `/dev/dri/renderD128` | Render node used for GPU acceleration. |
## 🌍 Web UI
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `WEB` | `Y` | Enables or disables the web interface. |
| `WEB` | `Y` | Enables the web interface. |
| `WEB_PORT` | `8006` | Port for the web interface. |
| `VNC_PORT` | `5900` | Port for the VNC server. |
| `WSS_PORT` | `5700` | WebSocket port used by noVNC. |
| `WSD_PORT` | `8004` | Internal websocketd port. |
| `WSD_PORT` | `8004` | Internal websocketd port used for the display stream. |
| `AUDIO` | `N` | Streams guest audio to the web viewer. |
| `SOUND` | `intel-hda` | QEMU audio device used for browser audio. |
| `AUX_PORT` | `8003` | Internal WebSocket port used for browser audio. |
| `SOUND` | `intel-hda` | QEMU audio device used by the web viewer. |
| `AUX_PORT` | `8003` | Internal WebSocket port used for the audio stream. |
| `PROTECT` | `N` | Enables password protection for the web interface. |
## 📁 File Sharing
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `SAMBA` | `Y` | Enables the Samba shared folder. |
| `SAMBA_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables Samba debug output. |
## ⚙️ System
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `MACHINE` | `q35` | QEMU machine type. |
| `UUID` | | UUID assigned to the VM. |
| `HPET` | `off` | QEMU HPET timer setting. |
| `VMPORT` | `off` | QEMU VMware port setting. |
| `SM_BIOS` | | Additional arguments passed to QEMU’s `-smbios` option. |
| `ARGUMENTS` | | Additional raw arguments appended to the QEMU command line. |
## 🚀 Boot
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `BOOT_MODE` | `windows` | Boot configuration, such as `windows`, `windows_secure`, or `windows_legacy`. |
| `BOOT_INDEX` | `9` | Boot priority index for the installation media. |
| `BIOS` | | Custom firmware file. |
| `TPM` | `N` | Enables the TPM emulator, usually set by `BOOT_MODE`. |
| `SMM` | `N` | Enables System Management Mode, usually set by `BOOT_MODE`. |
| `LOGO` | `Y` | Enables the custom boot logo. |
| `CLEAR` | `N` | Resets the NVRAM variables on the next boot. |
| `USB` | `qemu-xhci,id=xhci` | QEMU USB controller configuration. |
## 🎈 Memory Ballooning
Also see [Dynamic memory allocation](https://github.com/qemus/qemu/blob/master/docs/ballooning.md) for usage notes and important caveats.
Also see [Dynamic memory allocation](https://github.com/qemus/qemu/blob/master/docs/ballooning.md) for usage instructions and important caveats.
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `BALLOONING` | `N` | Enables dynamic memory ballooning. |
| `BALLOONING_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables debug output for the ballooning monitor. |
| `BALLOONING_MIN_MEM` | `33%` | Minimum memory target for the balloon device. |
| `BALLOONING_RAM_THRESHOLD` | `80.0` | Target host RAM usage percentage. |
| `BALLOONING_RAM_THRESHOLD_HARD` | `90.0` | Host RAM usage percentage where ballooning becomes more aggressive. |
| `BALLOONING_PSI_PRESSURE` | `10.0` | PSI memory pressure level where ballooning starts reacting more aggressively. |
| `BALLOONING_PSI_PRESSURE_MAX` | `50.0` | PSI memory pressure level where ballooning reaches its strongest response. |
| `BALLOONING_MIN_MEM` | `33%` | Minimum amount of memory retained by the VM. |
| `BALLOONING_RAM_THRESHOLD` | `80.0` | Host RAM usage percentage at which ballooning begins adjusting memory. |
| `BALLOONING_RAM_THRESHOLD_HARD` | `90.0` | Host RAM usage percentage at which ballooning becomes more aggressive. |
| `BALLOONING_PSI_PRESSURE` | `10.0` | PSI memory pressure level at which ballooning becomes more aggressive. |
| `BALLOONING_PSI_PRESSURE_MAX` | `50.0` | PSI memory pressure level at which ballooning reaches its strongest response. |
| `BALLOONING_HYSTERESIS` | `128M` | Minimum memory change before the balloon target is updated. |
| `BALLOONING_KP` | `0.5` | Proportional gain for the ballooning controller. |
| `BALLOONING_KI` | `0.05` | Integral gain for the ballooning controller. |
| `BALLOONING_KP` | `0.5` | Proportional gain used by the ballooning controller. |
| `BALLOONING_KI` | `0.05` | Integral gain used by the ballooning controller. |
| `BALLOONING_INTERVAL` | `5` | Polling interval in seconds. |
| `BALLOONING_DEBUG` | `N` | Enables debug output for the ballooning monitor. |
## 🔌 Shutdown
| Variable | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|
| `SHUTDOWN` | `Y` | Enables graceful ACPI shutdown. |
| `TIMEOUT` | `115` | Timeout used while waiting for the VM to shut down. |
| `TIMEOUT` | `115` | Maximum time, in seconds, to wait before forcing the VM to stop. |
## 🐞 Debugging
@@ -156,6 +158,6 @@ Also see [Dynamic memory allocation](https://github.com/qemus/qemu/blob/master/d
|---|---|---|
| `DEBUG` | `N` | Enables verbose debug output. |
| `TRACE` | `N` | Enables shell command tracing. |
| `DETECTED` | | Overrides the detected Windows image identifier. |
| `SERIAL` | `mon:stdio` | QEMU serial device setting. |
| `MONITOR` | `unix:$QEMU_DIR/monitor.sock,server,wait=off,nodelay` | QEMU monitor device setting. |
| `DETECTED` | | Overrides the automatically detected Windows image identifier. |
| `SERIAL` | `mon:stdio` | QEMU serial device configuration. |
| `MONITOR` | `unix:$QEMU_DIR/monitor.sock,server,wait=off,nodelay` | QEMU monitor configuration. |