diff --git a/src/gl/gl3device.cpp b/src/gl/gl3device.cpp
index 972b053..ecb781f 100644
--- a/src/gl/gl3device.cpp
+++ b/src/gl/gl3device.cpp
@@ -481,8 +481,10 @@ uint32
 bindTexture(uint32 texid)
 {
 	uint32 prev = boundTexture[activeTexture];
-	boundTexture[activeTexture] = texid;
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texid);
+	if(prev != texid){
+		boundTexture[activeTexture] = texid;
+		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texid);
+	}
 	return prev;
 }
 
@@ -1781,6 +1783,9 @@ initOpenGL(void)
 	u_matColor = registerUniform("u_matColor", UNIFORM_VEC4);
 	u_surfProps = registerUniform("u_surfProps", UNIFORM_VEC4);
 
+	// for im2d
+	registerUniform("u_xform", UNIFORM_VEC4);
+
 	glClearColor(0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 1.0);
 
 	byte whitepixel[4] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
diff --git a/src/gl/gl3immed.cpp b/src/gl/gl3immed.cpp
index de2cf7f..3b4aae4 100644
--- a/src/gl/gl3immed.cpp
+++ b/src/gl/gl3immed.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ static int primTypeMap[] = {
 void
 openIm2D(void)
 {
+	// must already be registered by device. we just need the value
 	u_xform = registerUniform("u_xform", UNIFORM_VEC4);
 
 #include "shaders/im2d_gl.inc"
diff --git a/src/gl/gl3shader.cpp b/src/gl/gl3shader.cpp
index a98ef50..98408a7 100644
--- a/src/gl/gl3shader.cpp
+++ b/src/gl/gl3shader.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ registerUniform(const char *name, UniformType type, int32 num)
 	Uniform *u = &uniformRegistry.uniforms[uniformRegistry.numUniforms];
 	u->name = shader_strdup(name);
 	u->type = type;
-//	u->dirty = false;
 	u->serialNum = 0;
 	if(type == UNIFORM_NA){
 		u->num = 0;
@@ -118,12 +117,17 @@ void
 flushUniforms(void)
 {
 	for(int i = 0; i < uniformRegistry.numUniforms; i++){
+		// this is bad!
+		if(i >= currentShader->numUniforms){
+			printf("trying to set uniform %d %s that doesn't exist!\n", i, uniformRegistry.uniforms[i].name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		int32 loc = currentShader->uniformLocations[i];
 		if(loc == -1)
 			continue;
 
 		Uniform *u = &uniformRegistry.uniforms[i];
-//		if(force || u->dirty)
 		if(currentShader->serialNums[i] != u->serialNum)
 			switch(u->type){
 			case UNIFORM_NA:
@@ -139,7 +143,6 @@ flushUniforms(void)
 				break;
 			}
 		currentShader->serialNums[i] = u->serialNum;
-		//u->dirty = false;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -297,6 +300,7 @@ Shader::create(const char **vsrc, const char **fsrc)
 
 	// query uniform locations
 	sh->program = program;
+	sh->numUniforms = uniformRegistry.numUniforms;
 	sh->uniformLocations = rwNewT(GLint, uniformRegistry.numUniforms, MEMDUR_EVENT | ID_DRIVER);
 	sh->serialNums = rwNewT(uint32, uniformRegistry.numUniforms, MEMDUR_EVENT | ID_DRIVER);
 	for(i = 0; i < uniformRegistry.numUniforms; i++){
diff --git a/src/gl/rwgl3shader.h b/src/gl/rwgl3shader.h
index 414f1ac..890f12b 100644
--- a/src/gl/rwgl3shader.h
+++ b/src/gl/rwgl3shader.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ struct Shader
 	// same number of elements as UniformRegistry::numUniforms
 	GLint *uniformLocations;
 	uint32 *serialNums;
+	int32 numUniforms;	// just to be sure!
 
 	static Shader *create(const char **vsrc, const char **fsrc);
 //	static Shader *fromFiles(const char *vs, const char *fs);