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203 lines
6.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
203 lines
6.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
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.. Copyright (C) 2017, Tuomas Tynkkynen <tuomas.tynkkynen@iki.fi>
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QEMU ARM
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========
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QEMU for ARM supports a special 'virt' machine designed for emulation and
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virtualization purposes. This document describes how to run U-Boot under it.
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Both 32-bit ARM and AArch64 are supported.
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The 'virt' platform provides the following as the basic functionality:
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- A freely configurable amount of CPU cores
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- U-Boot loaded and executing in the emulated flash at address 0x0
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- A generated device tree blob placed at the start of RAM
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- A freely configurable amount of RAM, described by the DTB
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- A PL011 serial port, discoverable via the DTB
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- An ARMv7/ARMv8 architected timer
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- PSCI for rebooting the system
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- A generic ECAM-based PCI host controller, discoverable via the DTB
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Additionally, a number of optional peripherals can be added to the PCI bus.
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See :doc:`../../develop/devicetree/dt_qemu` for information on how to see
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the devicetree actually generated by QEMU.
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Building U-Boot
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---------------
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Set the CROSS_COMPILE environment variable as usual, and run:
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- For ARM::
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make qemu_arm_defconfig
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make
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- For AArch64::
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make qemu_arm64_defconfig
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make
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Running U-Boot
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--------------
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The minimal QEMU command line to get U-Boot up and running is:
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- For ARM::
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qemu-system-arm -machine virt -nographic -bios u-boot.bin
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- For AArch64::
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qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -nographic -cpu cortex-a57 -bios u-boot.bin
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Note that for some odd reason qemu-system-aarch64 needs to be explicitly
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told to use a 64-bit CPU or it will boot in 32-bit mode. The -nographic argument
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ensures that output appears on the terminal. Use Ctrl-A X to quit.
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Additional persistent U-Boot environment support can be added as follows:
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- Create envstore.img using qemu-img::
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qemu-img create -f raw envstore.img 64M
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- Add a pflash drive parameter to the command line::
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-drive if=pflash,format=raw,index=1,file=envstore.img
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Additional peripherals that have been tested to work in both U-Boot and Linux
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can be enabled with the following command line parameters:
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- To add a video console, remove "-nographic" and add e.g.::
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-serial stdio -device VGA
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- To add a Serial ATA disk via an Intel ICH9 AHCI controller, pass e.g.::
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-drive if=none,file=disk.img,format=raw,id=mydisk \
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-device ich9-ahci,id=ahci -device ide-drive,drive=mydisk,bus=ahci.0
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- To add an Intel E1000 network adapter, pass e.g.::
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-netdev user,id=net0 -device e1000,netdev=net0
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- To add an EHCI-compliant USB host controller, pass e.g.::
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-device usb-ehci,id=ehci
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- To add a USB keyboard attached to an emulated xHCI controller, pass e.g.::
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-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci -device usb-kbd,bus=xhci.0
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- To add an NVMe disk, pass e.g.::
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-drive if=none,file=disk.img,id=mydisk -device nvme,drive=mydisk,serial=foo
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- To add a random number generator, pass e.g.::
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-device virtio-rng-pci
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These have been tested in QEMU 2.9.0 but should work in at least 2.5.0 as well.
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Booting distros
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---------------
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It is possible to install and boot a standard Linux distribution using
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qemu_arm64 by setting up a root disk::
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qemu-img create root.img 20G
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then using the installer to install. For example, with Debian 12::
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qemu-system-aarch64 \
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-machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 4G -smp 4 \
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-bios u-boot.bin \
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-serial stdio -device VGA \
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-nic user,model=virtio-net-pci \
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-device virtio-rng-pci \
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-device qemu-xhci,id=xhci \
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-device usb-kbd -device usb-tablet \
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-drive if=virtio,file=debian-12.0.0-arm64-netinst.iso,format=raw,readonly=on,media=cdrom \
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-drive if=virtio,file=root.img,format=raw,media=disk
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The output will be something like this::
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U-Boot 2023.10-rc2-00075-gbe8fbe718e35 (Aug 11 2023 - 08:38:49 +0000)
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DRAM: 4 GiB
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Core: 51 devices, 14 uclasses, devicetree: board
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Flash: 64 MiB
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Loading Environment from Flash... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
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In: serial,usbkbd
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Out: serial,vidconsole
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Err: serial,vidconsole
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Bus xhci_pci: Register 8001040 NbrPorts 8
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Starting the controller
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USB XHCI 1.00
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scanning bus xhci_pci for devices... 3 USB Device(s) found
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Net: eth0: virtio-net#32
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Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
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Scanning for bootflows in all bootdevs
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Seq Method State Uclass Part Name Filename
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--- ----------- ------ -------- ---- ------------------------ ----------------
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Scanning global bootmeth 'efi_mgr':
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Scanning bootdev 'fw-cfg@9020000.bootdev':
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fatal: no kernel available
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scanning bus for devices...
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Scanning bootdev 'virtio-blk#34.bootdev':
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0 efi ready virtio 2 virtio-blk#34.bootdev.par efi/boot/bootaa64.efi
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** Booting bootflow 'virtio-blk#34.bootdev.part_2' with efi
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Using prior-stage device tree
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Failed to load EFI variables
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Error: writing contents
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** Unable to write file ubootefi.var **
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Failed to persist EFI variables
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Missing TPMv2 device for EFI_TCG_PROTOCOL
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Booting /efi\boot\bootaa64.efi
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Error: writing contents
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** Unable to write file ubootefi.var **
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Failed to persist EFI variables
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Welcome to GRUB!
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Standard boot looks through various available devices and finds the virtio
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disks, then boots from the first one. After a second or so the grub menu appears
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and you can work through the installer flow normally.
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After the installation, you can boot into the installed system by running QEMU
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again without the drive argument corresponding to the installer CD image.
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Enabling TPMv2 support
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----------------------
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To emulate a TPM the swtpm package may be used. It can be built from the
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following repositories:
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https://github.com/stefanberger/swtpm.git
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Swtpm provides a socket for the TPM emulation which can be consumed by QEMU.
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In a first console invoke swtpm with::
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swtpm socket --tpmstate dir=/tmp/mytpm1 \
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--ctrl type=unixio,path=/tmp/mytpm1/swtpm-sock --log level=20
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In a second console invoke qemu-system-aarch64 with::
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-chardev socket,id=chrtpm,path=/tmp/mytpm1/swtpm-sock \
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-tpmdev emulator,id=tpm0,chardev=chrtpm \
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-device tpm-tis-device,tpmdev=tpm0
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Enable the TPM on U-Boot's command line with::
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tpm autostart
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Debug UART
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----------
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The debug UART on the ARM virt board uses these settings::
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CONFIG_DEBUG_UART=y
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CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_PL010=y
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CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_BASE=0x9000000
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CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_CLOCK=0
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